The Chola Dynasty: Power, Culture, and Legacy

Introduction
The Chola dynasty, one of the most remarkable dynasties in South Indian history, was founded by Vijayalaya Chola around 850 AD. Initially a vassal of the Pallava king, Vijayalaya rose to prominence during the conflict between the Pallavas and Pandyas. He seized Tanjore (Thanjavur) and made it his capital, laying the foundation of a powerful empire. The Homeland of the Cholas, known as Cholamandalam, included modern-day Tanjore, Trichinopoly, and the Pudukottai region. The fertile basin of the Kaveri River formed the heartland of the dynasty, sustaining its agriculture and prosperity. One of the earliest capitals was Uraiyur, now Tiruchirapalli. The Cholas ruled from the latter half of the 9th century until the early 13th century, leaving behind a legacy of political strength, cultural achievements, and architectural marvels.