Before diving into the conundrum of what is the septum in heart, we should understand the complete anatomy of the human heart. The human heart is divided into four distinct chambers- two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). The right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood. This blood comes from the superior and inferior vena cavae. On the other hand, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood. This blood comes from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.